The Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva, known for embodying the virtues of boundless patience and compassion, holds a significant place in Buddhist culture and symbolism. A popular theme in spiritual jewelry like the Buddha necklace and thangka necklace, Kṣitigarbha symbolizes a vow to liberate all beings from suffering. This article delves into the historical roots and profound meaning behind this revered figure, offering insight into how these necklaces embody centuries of spiritual devotion.
The Symbolism of Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva
The name "Kṣitigarbha" is derived from Sanskrit, where “藏” (meaning "treasure" or "repository") captures the essence of a figure embodying all that nourishes life, much like the earth itself. Kṣitigarbha is often depicted as a figure with unwavering patience, symbolizing the selfless acceptance of all beings' sins and suffering, like the earth absorbs impurities without complaint. His name is also associated with "伏藏" (hidden treasures), representing the Buddha-nature inherent in all sentient beings—a reservoir of merit and wisdom that fulfills spiritual aspirations and enlightens the soul.
Historical Context and Dynastic Roots
In the Sutra of the Past Vows of Earth Store Bodhisattva (《地藏菩萨本愿经》), a revered text dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD), the Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva makes a profound vow. Following the Buddha's passing and before the arrival of Maitreya, Kṣitigarbha pledges to lead and guide souls, embodying an unwavering commitment to liberating beings from suffering. His renowned vow, “I will not attain Buddhahood until all hells are empty,” reflects his resolve to bring enlightenment to countless beings.
The Story of the Brahmin Maiden
The origin story of Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva speaks to his compassion in his life as the Brahmin Maiden. Distressed by her mother's suffering in the afterlife due to past misdeeds, she gave up all she owned to seek divine help for her mother’s salvation. This act led her to encounter the Great King of Ghosts, who guided her to release her mother from torment. Inspired by this act of liberation, she vowed to continue this mission indefinitely, reincarnating as Kṣitigarbha to ensure the salvation of others.
The Legend of Jin Dizang and Mount Jiuhua
During the Tang Dynasty, Kim Gyo-gak, a prince from Silla (modern-day Korea), renounced royal life and took on the life of a monk, adopting the title of Kṣitigarbha (地藏). Arriving in China, he settled on Mount Jiuhua in Anhui Province—a place renowned for its natural beauty and spiritual atmosphere. With the support of Min Gong, a local benefactor, Kṣitigarbha made Jiuhua his home, ultimately transforming it into a spiritual haven. Stories of his miraculous powers and dedication spread, and upon his death at age 99, his body was preserved in the Meat-body Pagoda, still venerated by pilgrims today.
The Eternal Shrine of Mount Jiuhua
Mount Jiuhua remains the foremost sanctuary for the worship of Kṣitigarbha, especially on his Nirvana Day, the 30th day of the seventh lunar month. The mountain's temples house thousands of statues and relics, with the renowned Meat-body Pagoda Shrine holding his mummified body—a sight that inspires thousands of pilgrims yearly. In the Tang Dynasty, poetry celebrated Jiuhua’s spiritual majesty: “A thousand temples rise among the clouds.” Today, it is home to 82 temples and 6,000 statues, making it a significant destination for Buddhist followers and admirers of Kṣitigarbha’s legacy.
Through the symbols of the Buddha necklace and thangka necklace, Kṣitigarbha’s legacy of compassion and spiritual strength lives on, inviting wearers to connect with his profound commitment to alleviating suffering. From his ancient vow to his continued veneration on Mount Jiuhua, Kṣitigarbha’s story embodies the principles of patience, endurance, and endless compassion—a source of inspiration and spiritual connection for all.
